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2設備參數對中藥有機溶劑噴霧干燥機粘壁性的影響  噴霧干燥是流化干燥技術用于液體物料的一種較好的方法，其流程是利用霧化器將一定濃度的液體物料噴射成霧狀液滴，在干燥的介質中進行熱交換使霧狀液滴中的溶劑迅速蒸發，獲得粉狀和顆粒狀制品。中藥成分因理化性質不同，其傳質和傳熱的速率也存在較大差異，造成不同程度粘壁現象。在充分掌握中藥提取物的理化性質的前提下，通過調整噴霧干燥設備的參數可改善粘壁的情況。 

2．1 有機溶劑噴霧干燥機噴嘴安裝  在噴霧干燥過程中，增加物料的分散度，可加速傳熱和傳質過程。噴嘴的安裝對噴霧設備是非常重要的。當霧滴群離開噴嘴時，其形狀是個被壓縮空氣心充滿的錐形薄膜，霧滴應均勻分布在噴霧錐中；噴霧錐是對稱的，如果不同心就會偏離中心線，進而影響霧化效果，導致霧滴直徑增大，嚴重時會出現液線，造成粘壁現象。因此，在使用的過程中必須保證同心度。

 2．2 熱風量  風量控制的好壞，zui終體現在干燥物料的含水量，與粘壁有直接的關系。由于噴霧干燥過程是在微負壓下操作，霧滴能否達到干燥效果并抽走干燥物料取決于熱風量。同時霧滴直徑大小可用熱風量來調節。隨著熱風量的增加，霧滴直徑減小，干燥加快，粘壁的可能就相對減小。但氣流量過大，所得粉體的吸濕性增強，噴霧過程中會發生粘壁現象；氣流量過小，導致霧徑偏大，干燥不充分，發生粘壁現象。

 2．3有機溶劑噴霧干燥機進風溫度  進風溫度的高低，也是影響粘壁性的主要因素。研究表明：如果在開啟設備時就將空氣加熱器全開，這樣就會造成出口溫度很快上升，而實際塔體溫度并沒有均衡升上來．溫度不均勻，此時開始噴霧就很容易產生粘壁現象。若溫度過高，會對中藥有效成分造成破壞或者改變某種成分的性質；溫度過低，不能充分干燥，發生粘壁現象。在適宜的范圍內，進風溫度越高，溶劑蒸發越快，粘壁現象減輕。如果中藥浸膏含粘性成分較多，應適當降低進風溫度和出風溫度，這樣就能使噴霧干燥順利進行，因為糖類成分受高熱后粘性增加．則產生粘壁現象，適當降低溫度則可減輕粘壁情況。

 2．4供液速度  供液速度與粘壁現象的發生也有重要。在其他條件沒有改變的情況下，供液速度加快，會導致霧滴未處在流化狀態，因干燥不充分而粘于壁上或底部。如提高*微囊的供液速度，雖對其吸濕性的影響不大，但會使其分散率明顯下降””。造成霧滴粒徑過大，干燥不充分而粘壁。影響噴霧干燥的因素很多，除上述因素外，還存在藥液溫度、負壓大小、負壓的穩定性等因素，因此在實際操作中應綜合考慮上述影響因素對噴霧干燥工藝的影響。 

3 有機溶劑噴霧干燥機關于中藥提取物防粘壁的思考  輔料可通過改善物料的吸濕性、提高物料的軟化點、增強提取液的流動性、改善提取液的霧化效果、對易吸濕造成粘壁的成分進行包裹等，以發揮其防粘壁作用。因輔料在改善中藥提取物性質方面起著重要作用，所以有機溶劑噴霧干燥機噴霧干燥過程中的應用顯得尤為重要。對于復方提取物而言，因其理化性質較為復雜，通過單一輔料進行改性所發揮的作用有限．而通過多種輔料聯合應用，則可從多方面共同發揮防粘壁作用。對有機溶劑噴霧干燥機，適當提高進風El的溫度，可減少粘壁現象的發生。噴霧干燥所用壓縮空氣的壓力應保持恒定，壓力的波動會產生嚴重的粘壁現象。噴嘴進料速度和噴嘴的壓縮空氣量應匹配，正常操作中應隨時檢查噴嘴霧化效果，以減少粘壁的發生。但通過調整參數來發揮粘壁作用比輔料的應用所發揮的作用要小，參數的調整范圍也很有限。鑒于中藥成分的復雜性，在整個噴霧干燥工藝的研究過程中，要充分分析和了解物料的性質，通過輔料的應用和噴霧干燥設備參數的調整，總結防粘壁規律，以解決中藥粘壁問題，zui終得到科學、合理、可行的噴霧干燥工藝。

?2 Effect of device parameters on traditional Chinese medicine organic solvent spray dryer wall sticking of spray drying is fluidized drying technology for a better method of liquid material, the process is the use of liquid atomizer to certain concentration of spraying droplets, heat exchange of droplets in the solvent evaporates quickly in the dry the medium for powdery and granular products. Because of the different physical and chemical properties of Chinese medicine, the mass transfer and heat transfer rate also differ greatly, resulting in different degrees of adhesion to the wall. On the premise of fully grasping the physicochemical properties of the extract of traditional Chinese medicine, the conditions of the adhesive wall can be improved by adjusting the parameters of the spray drying equipment.
2.1 the nozzle of the organic solvent spray dryer is installed in the spray drying process, increasing the dispersion of the material, and accelerating the heat transfer and mass transfer process. The installation of the nozzle is very important for the spray equipment. When the droplets from the nozzle, its shape is a compressed air heart with tapered film, droplet should be distributed evenly in the spray cone; the spray cone is symmetrical, if not concentric will deviate from the center line, thereby affecting the atomization effect, cause droplet diameter and liquid line will be serious, caused by wall sticking phenomenon. Therefore, the concentricity must be guaranteed in the process of use.
2.2 the control of the quantity of hot air volume is reflected in the water content of the dry material, which has a direct relationship with the wall of the sticky wall. Because the spray drying process is operated under the micro negative pressure, whether the droplet can reach the drying effect and remove the dry material depends on the amount of hot air. At the same time, the diameter of the droplet can be adjusted by the amount of hot air. As the amount of hot air increases, the droplet diameter decreases, the drying speed increases, and the wall adhesion may be relatively reduced. However, if the gas flow rate is too large, the moisture absorption of the powder will be enhanced, and the sticking phenomenon will occur in the spray process. If the gas flow rate is too small, the fog diameter will be too large and the drying will not be enough.
2.3 the inlet temperature of the air inlet temperature of the organic solvent spray dryer is also the main factor affecting the wall adhesion. Guo Jianbo research shows that if the air heater is fully opened when opening the device, it will cause the outlet temperature to rise rapidly, and the actual tower temperature is not balanced up. The temperature is uneven. At this time, the spray will easily produce sticky walls. If the temperature is too high, it will cause damage to the effective components of Chinese medicine or change the properties of some components; the temperature is too low and can not be fully dried, and the phenomenon of wall sticking occurs. In the suitable range, the higher the air inlet temperature is, the faster the solvent evaporation, the viscosity of the wall is reduced. If the extract of Chinese medicine contains more viscous components, the inlet air temperature and outlet temperature should be reduced appropriay, so that the spray drying can be carried out smoothly, because the carbohydrate components are increased after the high heat viscosity, resulting in sticky wall phenomenon. Decreasing the temperature appropriay can reduce the sticky condition.
2.4 the velocity of feeding liquid supply is also closely related to the phenomenon of wall sticking. When the other conditions are not changed, the speed of the feed is accelerated, which causes the droplets not to be in the flow state and stick to the wall or bottom because of the insufficient drying. as